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Implementation of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and maternity protection: Correlations with commercial milk formula consumption in East Asia Pacific

Journal Article

Topic(s):

Breastmilk substitutes

9 Jul 2025

This study investigates commercial milk formula (CMF) consumption, Code implementation, and maternity protection in 11 East Asia Pacific countries, revealing correlations between increased Code status scores and decreased per capita CMF consumption. High CMF consumption was observed in countries without Code legal measures, while the Philippines, with the highest Code score, had the lowest CMF consumption. No significant correlation was found between CMF consumption and paid maternity leave duration, while other forms of maternity protection were not assessed. The study confirms the impact that Code legislation has on breastfeeding and discusses policy implications and areas for future research.

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